Important+Words+to+Know

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 * VOCABULARY**


 * ["A" Congress]:** A two year period when all the senators and representatives work together


 * [administration]:** All of the people appointed to work with the President


 * [alien]:** A person who is not a citizen of the country in which she or he lives


 * [Anaconda Plan]:** The four step plan of the North devised to slowly squeeze the life out of the South and win the Civil War


 * [appeals]:** The review of the decision of a court by a higher court


 * [arsenal]:** A place where weapons are kept


 * [blockade]:** To close off the coast and prevent imports and exports


 * [bonds]:** Paper notes given by the government to those whom it has sborrowed money, promising to repay the money in a certain length of time


 * [brackish water]:** Water that is not suitable for drinking; mixture of salt water and fresh water


 * [Cabinet]:** Closest advisors to the President


 * [casualties]:** Number of dead people as well as the injured


 * [cede]:** To give away to (another country or group); yield or grant


 * [[|census]]:** This is taken every 10 years in the U.S. and counts the number of people in each state; the number of representatives from each state depends on this


 * [charter]:** Official paper giving permission for settlement and trade in a certain area


 * [compact]:** Agreement to setup a civil government and obey laws


 * [compromise]:** A settlement of differences by each side giving up part of what it wants


 * [deserters]:** Members of miltary services who run away from their duty


 * [deport]:** To send out of a country


 * [depression]:** A period of slow economic activity with process low and many people out of work


 * [direct representation]:** Voters elected to work for that area


 * [domestic]:** Government affairs inside the country


 * [double jeopardy]:** Being tried for the same crime twice


 * [electors]:** Those named by state legislature to choose a President and a Vice- President


 * embargo]:** A law stopping all ships except foreign ships without cargo from leaving the country


 * [freedom of seas]:** The right of neutral merchant ships during peace or war toenter any waters except those belonging to a country


 * [frontier]:** The imaginary dividing line between settled and unsettled land


 * [fugitive]:** Someone who has runaway


 * [Fugitive Slave Act]:** Federal officers in the North were expected to help catch escaped slaves and take them back to the South


 * House of Representatives]:** The "Lower House"; The house of Congress that holds 435 people; number of representatives per state is decided upon according to state populations


 * [[|impeachment]]:** A formal accusation (This does not get the official thrown out of office. It is just the trial.)


 * [impressment]:** The capturing of sailors to work on another's ship


 * [investors]:** People who bought shares in a company


 * [indentured servant]:** These were people who were bound to work for someone in the U.S. for a number of years to pay off their debt


 * [joint stock company]:** Group of investors that put money together to create and colony, hoping to make money in return


 * [judicial review]:** The courts' power to decide whether actions of Congress or the President are according to the Constitution**]:** Little government regulation; a property characteristic of the conservative side of the political spectrum


 * [land speculation]:** Buying land to sell at a large profit


 * [[|Laissez-faire]]:** An economic doctrine that opposes governmental regulation of or interference in commerce beyond the minimum necessary for a free-enterprise system to operate according to its own economic laws.


 * [legislature]:** Law-making body


 * [loose construction]:** Broad interpretation of the Constitution (ex., If it doesn't say you can't, you can)


 * [meeting houses]:** Puritan places of worship


 * [mercenaries]:** Hired soldiers


 * [national anthem]:** Song of praise and patriotism


 * [[|nationalism]]:** Pride and loyalty to one's country


 * [neutral]:** The right of a nation to choose not to take sides


 * [nullification]:** A plan by which the states could declare acts of Congress to be unconstitutional


 * [patronage]:** Power to make appointments to government jobs


 * [pet banks]:** State banks in which Jackson placed funds he had withdrawn from the bank of the U.S.


 * [perpetual]:** Everlasting


 * [Personal Liberty Laws]:** Laws which stopped states and local officials in the North from obeying the Fugitive Slave Laws


 * [plurality]:** The greatest number of votes, but less than one half


 * [popular sovereignty]:** People of a territory are allowed the ability to vote on whether or not they support slavery


 * [precedents]:** Actions or court decisions that serve as examples or guides later on


 * President Pro Tempore]:** Temporary president of the Senate when the Vice President of the U.S. cannot attend


 * [primary source]:** A firsthand account of a historic event (ex., letters, diaries, artifacts)


 * [proprietary colonies]:** Founded on areas of land given to proprietors


 * [proprietors]:** People given large areas of land in America from the government


 * [patronage]:** The power to hire people for government jobs


 * [quartered]:** Given a place to live


 * [ratify]:** To approve


 * [rituals]:** Ceremonies


 * [royal colony]:** Colony under the King's control


 * [secede]:** To break away


 * [secondary source]:** Secondhand account of a historic event based on primary sources. (ex., textbooks, biography, and reports)


 * [sectionalism]:** Rivalry based on the special interests of different areas of the country


 * [sedition]:** The action or the use language to stir up rebellion against a government


 * [Senate]:** The "Upper House" of Congress; The house of Congress that holds 100 members, there is an equal number of representatives per state


 * [siege]:** To surround a particular target and prevent anything from coming or going, potentially starving them


 * [slaves]:** People who were property of their owners


 * Speaker of the House]**: The leader of the House of Representatives; second in line for the presidency


 * [specie]:** Gold and silver coin


 * [speculators]:** People who buy bonds, stocks, or land to sell at a profit when the price later goes up


 * [[|Spoils System]]:** Giving goverment jobs to political supporters


 * [state's rights]:** The idea that each state could decide when an act of the government was unconstitutional


 * [strict construction]:** Narrow interpretation of the Constitution (ex., If it doesn't say you can, you can't)


 * [suffrage]:** The right to vote


 * [tariff]:** Tax on imported goods


 * [theater]:** An area in a war where action is taking place


 * [Time & Place Rule]:** The closer in time and place a source and its creator were to an event in the past, the better the source will be


 * ["The" Congress]:** The Senate and the House of Representatives together


 * [tribute]:** Money paid to a group so that they won't attack you


 * [turnpike]:** A road built by a private company that charged a fee to use the road


 * [veto]:** Refuse to approve


 * [virtual representation]:** Persons elected by English voters to represent all the people of the British empire

wants them to vote on a certain topic
 * [Whip]:** A person whose key role is to try to persuade other Senators or Representatives of the same party to vote the way the party leader


 * [writs of assistance]:** Search warrants that allowed government officials to search anywhere for suspected smuggled goods

__**[[|The Growth of Nationalism]]**__